constituted the secure and necessary foundation, but still they did not provide the real goal of knowledge. This lay in that science which Comte called by the new name of sociology. Accordingly this science came to be for him the alpha and omega of all true philosophy. The less philosophy lost itself in the world beyond, the “transcendent,” the more perfect it would become. Philosophy can only search for and teach a “human” truth, and it attains its goal the more surely when it restricts itself to the world of mankind. But this cosmos of humanity in turn can be understood only when we resolve to go beyond physics, in the ordinary meaning of the world. What we need is not a physics of inanimate world merely but a “social physics.”The development of this is the supreme goal of positivistic philosophy. Until that is accomplished philosophy will not have fulfilled its chief task, which is to exorcise the spirit of theology and of metaphysics not only from this or that special science but from science in general, and thus assure science of a firm,”positive” foundation .Only the creation of a sociology, wrote Comte in conclusion, can restore the fundamental unity in the whole system of modern knowledge.
构成了这一稳固和必要的基础,但它们依然没有提供知识的真正目标。这就在于被孔德(Comte)赋以新名字的社会学。因此,对孔德来说,这门科学是所有真正哲学的全部。哲学在“先哲”之外的世界里迷失得越少,哲学就会越加完美。哲学只能寻找并教授某个“人类”真理,并且当哲学将自己限定在人类世界之内时,哲学就越能够实现自己的目标。但是人文学科之浩瀚反过来要求我们只有决定超越物理学、超越我们所说这个世界的普通意义时才能理解人文学科。我们现在所需要的并不仅仅是一个无生命世界的物理学,,而是一门“社会物理学。”社会物理学的发展是实证哲学的终极目标。在那个终极目标没有实现之前, 哲学也就没有完成自己的首要任务,即不仅仅是将神学思想或形而上学思想从这种或那种特定学科中驱赶出去,而是要从整个科学界中驱逐出去,由此来保证科学有一个坚实的、“积极的”基础。孔德在结尾时写道,只有通过设立社会学才能恢复现代知识整个系统中的根本统一。
The first indispensable condition for this was the realization that sociology and history no longer constituted a “state within a state,” but that there was the same inviolable conformity to law here as in all natural events. As long as this fact remained unrecognized, as long as some sort of human “freedom“was sought-----a freedom regarded as a breaking through of natural laws----sociology would be unable to make any progress. It would remain infantile, in the stage of theological or metaphysical thinking; it would be in reality not science but fetishism. We must break once for all with this superstition and proclaim the undivided sway of rigorous laws in this sphere also.”I shall bring factual proof, ”wrote Comte,” that there are just as definite laws for the development of the human race as there are for the fall of a stone.”He believed that he had discovered one of these laws, and the one absolutely fundamental, in his “law of three stages,” and he was already convinced that in a sense he had become “the Galileo of sociology.”
因此,第一个必不可缺少的条件就是要认识到,社会学与历史不再构成所谓的“国中国,” 而是像所有自然界事情一样统统遵守法则。只要这个事实还没有被认识到,只要还在追求某种人类“自由,”---一种被认为是打破自然法则的自由---那么社会学就根本无法进步。在神学或形而上学思维阶段,社会学依然很幼稚;社会学存在于现实当中,社会学不会存在于除拜物主义之外的任何科学当中。我们必须完全彻底打破这种迷信,并宣布与这个领域内的那些清规戒律彻底决裂。“我会提出实施证据的,”孔德写道,“正如石头下落要有法则可循那样,人类发展同样也要有法则可循。”他认为他已经在《三级法则》中发现了这样一个绝对根本的法则,而且他还自认为,在某种程度上,他已经成为“社会学中的伽利略。”
But we must not be deceived by this analogy between physics and sociology. Many of Comte’s followers who were most active in disseminating his ideas interpreted it as a denial of all methodological distinctions between the two sciences, as though sociology and history
但是,我们绝对不要被这种物理学和社会学的类比所欺骗。宣传孔德思想最为起劲的很多追随者则认为,这是否决了这两种科学之间所有的方法差异,尽管社会学与历史。。。
译者注:前后文没有,难度增大,尽力翻译了,供商榷。
Breaking News
"Town disappeared"
Washington Sunday, panic-stricken survivors in their communities in a messy wandered in search of the hurricane blew Qilingbala property, mourning the death of six neighbors.
Saturday was a cruel market turmoil, the whole community devastated.
"It's like a bomb hit us," Tom • Simmons said, "It's like a bomb flying over."
Most of the houses have turned into a pile of rubble.
"This town disappears." Governor Bill • Young, coro said.
WASHINGTON, November 28 electricity from the aircraft carrier and the United States and Britain launched cruise missiles with the departure airport, long-range bombers attacked Afghanistan in the evening. Their goal is to destroy bin Laden • The • Osama bin Laden's terrorist training camps and the protection of its Taliban government.
President ordered the launching of this military strike. "They are well-chosen course of action designed to prevent the use of Afghanistan as a base for terrorist activities, but also against the Taliban regime's military capabilities." President Bush's White House at 1 pm in a televised speech that the attack had begun a half-time hours.
Information:
When the first plane hitting the World Trade Center, one of the Twin Towers, the residents living in the vicinity • Mike Hewitt is at home for breakfast. He saw a huge smoke surrounded by floor, he witnessed among the people crazy in order to escape from that hell on earth jumped from the windows down.
At this point precisely, ABC journalist Don • Dale is also at home, he saw through the window all this. Dale grabbed the phone calls to ABC. "The whole building had collapsed." He reported. Then he went downstairs and washed now known as the "zero zone" areas, on-site full of twisted steel beams, and thick smoke filled the air, flaming, and the relief efforts in vain. He remained in the front of the camera to be a full 18 hours.
3 weeks later, Dale was sent to Pakistan to report the ongoing war against the Taliban.
In Washington, when the third plane hit the Pentagon, the "USA Today" and several journalists are driving through the Pentagon to work. • Mike Waller said: "When I saw the plane landed, and then head crashed into the building, the time stagnated. A huge fireball into the sky, and then is a very horrible scene."
"I do not know, how I will sleep after this." He thought. However, he came to office, to help publish a newspaper.
Terrorist attacks on the occasion of the World Trade Center, "Daily News" photographer David • Han Shu nearby. Gas explosion waves his Xiandao 100 feet away. He lost his glasses, cell phones and notebooks, but his digital camera in good condition. Endure the pain of fractures and loss of glasses, he left to record the horrors of the next scene. He struggled through the ruins, once again fell to the ground, disoriented.
The same day, rescue workers three times that he will be rescued from the rubble. "They saved my life," he said.
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